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Thanks for reading Scientific American. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. v0E H+1Q` d
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This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hb```lRB Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. a. endstream
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<. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. %PDF-1.6
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Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. !: H3d -:Cg
Zf d1 Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. 7.
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Resume watching the video until Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Lessons. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. 6. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. PART 2: Video Activity . adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ
Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Description. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. endstream
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Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Answers may vary. Watch the . English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. %%EOF
Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Let's Go! Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. hb```lJB Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . iU As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. 2 hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. %PDF-1.6
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II. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists.
Video Activity 7. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Scientists . 254 0 obj
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Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Thanks for reading Scientific American. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H
EEH6~SlL.3a5, This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. 452 0 obj
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Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Knowledge awaits. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u
Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. In . Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait.